In the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 1392 in the field of execution of sentences and in the discussion of respect for the rights of convicts and convicts and supervision of prisoners, useful measures have been taken. The purpose of criminal proceedings is to achieve the realization of the crime and its attribution and the realization of the criminal responsibility of the accused and the punishment or security and educational measures for the convict to be implemented in a timely manner so that no criminal remains unpunished and unreformed in society. execution of the sentence, lack of access to the residence and residence of the convicted person, failure to introduce the convicted person to execute the sentence by the guarantor or guarantor, imprisonment of the convicted person, or obstacles of judicial origin can be mentioned as lack of supervision over the lawsuit and notice The judge also sentenced corporal punishment, including life imprisonment and corporal punishment for amputation and flogging, or negative punishment and restriction of liberty, rights and dignity, including imprisonment, deportation and deprivation of residence in the border strip and expulsion or expulsion from the country. Compulsory residence in a certain place or financial punishment, including blood money, fines, confiscation, confiscation and destruction of property, is supervised, and the case will not be closed until the sentence is carried out.

In the development of international relations, recognition and implementation of verdicts issued bay foreign courts is necessary. Of course, this does not mean that countries are required to recognize and enforce the unconditional requirements of foreign judgments, but that the objective is to allow foreign civilian sentences to be enforced with due observance of the law, thus addressing the issue of identifying and validating the rights of those who are being watched and the way to Further development of private international law. In this paper, two different perspectives on the recognition and enforcement of sentences issued by Iran's courts in foreign countries, which include awareness of how to identify and enforce Iranian sentences from abroad, which are more in the framework of civil and private international law of foreign countries and the recognition and enforcing foreign judgments in Iran, which, in principle, apart from the civil and civil law principles of international law, which is in the framework of civil and private international law of Iran, will be examined.

execution of the sentence is the last step in a trial process in which the result of the verdict will be realized for the convict. In other words, all other steps will be ineffective if the execution step is not carried out well. The purpose of the present study is to examine the rights and obligations of third parties in the execution of sentences. The third party refers to all natural or legal persons who do not have the title of plaintiff and defendant in the main petition. A third party may intervene before the conclusion of the proceedings in the initial or appellate stage if he or she has an independent right or considers himself or herself a beneficiary in the right of one of the main litigants. But one of the stages in which the third party has rights and obligations is the stage of execution of judgments in civil proceedings as well as the Court of Administrative Justice. In general, the purpose of third party intervention in the civil proceedings, especially in the enforcement phase, is the realization of third party rights, with the difference that the time of third party intervention, either as voluntary intervention (entry, protest) or forced intervention (arrest), is different. And also the conditions of its design will be different according to its type according to the Code of Civil Procedure and the Law of Organization and Procedure of the Court of Administrative Justice.

The principle of judicialization of execution, which expresses the necessity of the intervention of the judicial authority, along with wide powers in the execution of the punishment and in order to make the punishment appropriate to the character of the convicts, is one of the most important principles of fair proceedings at this stage. Many legislators, realizing the necessity of this principle in the implementation phase, have accepted and applied its requirements for a long time. Appointing a qualified judge to execute judgments, granting the necessary powers to him and the enforcement body, and the possibility of protesting his decisions, are the most important requirements and requirements of the principle of judicialization of the execution of criminal judgments. Now, while recognizing the execution judge, he has granted him powers; However, this is facing serious criticisms and challenges due to the non-determination of conditions such as expertise and experience, non-granting of full judicial powers and the impossibility of protesting his decisions. It seems that the approval of the "Law on the execution of Criminal Sentences" and the creation of an independent structure of the institution of the execution of criminal judgments along with the granting of the necessary powers in the field of the use of correctional institutions, the right to change the punishment and the recognition of the decisions of the execution judge as objectionable in a higher authority, seem to be the solution.

In their works, a great number of Islamic thinkers have differentiated between ethical judgments and juristic judgments, while they agree on the sameness of their origin, especially in regard to the question of ‘obligation’. By inquiring into the origin of ‘obligation’ in Islamic jurisprudence and ethics as well as demonstrating the sameness of its origin, the present essay attempts to show the non-differentiation of obligation in some juristic and ethical propositions. In both ethical and juristic propositions, obligation based on innate things which can be revealed by reason, and which are established by the divine will; both the propositions can regulate the human behaviors; promote the spiritual manners; and ensure the social order and prosperity; and at the same time, both enjoy sanction. However, the sanction norms of the ethical judgments are different from those of juristic judgments. Nevertheless, there can consider the ways suggested by religious jurisprudents to be valid for fulfilling the ethical judgments as well.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background: Today's business and social interactions require follow ethical considerations. Profit gain requirements, does not justify immoral activities and ignoring accepted conduct by society. Decision-making process through a structured review and compliance with ethical rules set developed by the professional institutions and moral values governing society is to be explained. In this study we examine The effects of codes of ethics in professional auditing judgments on both motivational and pragmatic steps.Methods: In this research, a survey approach experimental design consisted of four independent experimental situation has been used. Data gathered by using questionnaire in design with the post-test method.Results: Statistical analysis express that the impact of codes of ethics on motivation and performance of professional auditors is significant. Also the gender is effective on judgments and women have applied more moral judgments.Conclusion: Considering the positive impact of codes of ethics on professional judgments quality, a course of codes of ethics is considerable. Students must discuss issues and differences in professional and be aware with expectations and demands of society for professional ethics. In addition, audit institutions may also use results of this study to recruit and train their employees and not limited to experience and training technical discussions.